The for loop

The for..in statement is another looping statement which iterates over a sequence of objects i.e. go
through each item in a sequence. We will see more about sequences in detail in later chapters. What you
need to know right now is that a sequence is just an ordered collection of items.
Using the for statement
Example 6.3. Using the for statement
#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: for.py
for i in range(1, 5):
print i
else:
print 'The for loop is over'

Output
$ python for.py
1234
The for loop is over
How It Works
In this program, we are printing a sequence of numbers. We generate this sequence of numbers using hte
built-in range function.
What we do here is supply it two numbers and range returns a sequence of numbers starting from the
first number and up to the second number. For example, range(1,5) gives the sequence [1, 2,
3, 4]. By default, range takes a step count of 1. If we supply a third number to range, then that becomes
the step count. For example, range(1,5,2) gives [1,3]. Remember that the range extends
up to the second number i.e. it does not include the second number.
The for loop then iterates over this range - for i in range(1,5) is equivalent to for i in
[1, 2, 3, 4] which is like assigning each number (or object) in the sequence to i, one at a time, and
then executing the block of statements for each value of i. In this case, we just print the value in the
block of statements.
Remember that the else part is optional. When included, it is always executed once after the for loop
is over unless a break statement is encountered.
Remember that the for..in loop works for any sequence. Here, we have a list of numbers generated
by the built-in range function, but in general we can use any kind of sequence of any kind of objects!
We will explore this idea in detail in later chapters.
Note for C/C++/Java/C# Programmers
The Python for loop is radically different from the C/C++ for loop. C# programmers will
note that the for loop in Python is similar to the foreach loop in C#. Java programmers will
note that the same is similar to for (int i : IntArray) in Java 1.5 .
In C/C++, if you want to write for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++), then in Python you
write just for i in range(0,5). As you can see, the for loop is simpler, more expressive
and less error prone in Python.